Professor Rand Spiro on why (and how!) business cases are more important to learn from than synthesised business concepts.

Cognitive Flexibility Theory creator Rand Spiro on what complexity theory has to say about the wickedness of business.

Competitive advantages in business that come from cultural differences tend to be counter-positioning, not process power. Why this is surprising, and why it matters.

What it's like putting Amazon's famed Working Backwards process to practice in a small company context, and what was surprising and difficult about it.

We're testing a cognitive flexibility theory-driven learning library, designed to accelerate business expertise. Find out more.

What a question about growth marketing tells us about expertise — and why expert-novice differences are so useful to probe if you're a practitioner.

If you read history for concept instantiations, then: a) how do you hunt for cases for each concept, and b) how do you identify new concepts from the history you read? We look at answers to both questions.

Learning from history is often problematic — history is context and path dependent, and it doesn't repeat itself. But what if there is a better way to read history, one that sidesteps these problems?

What we've learnt from creating a simple CFT case library for business.

Believability is a heuristic for practical advice. Here's one surprising way that it can fail.